Harvesting and Storing Fresh Mushrooms: Best Practices for Longevity and Flavour

Harvesting mushrooms at the right time and storing them properly ensures the best flavour, texture, and longevity. In this article, we will cover when to harvest different types of mushrooms, how to harvest them, and the best ways to store them.

When and How to Harvest Mushrooms

1. Oyster Mushrooms:

   • When to Harvest: Oyster mushrooms are ready for harvest when the caps begin to flatten but haven’t started curling upwards. They grow rapidly, so you must monitor them frequently—often every 6-12 hours towards the end of the fruiting cycle.

   • How to Harvest: Gently twist or cut the mushroom clusters at the base. Avoid pulling them, as this can damage the substrate and reduce future flushes.

2. Lion’s Mane Mushrooms:

   • When to Harvest: Lion’s Mane should be harvested when the spines grow to about 0.5-1 cm long and before they begin to yellow. If harvested too late, they can lose their delicate flavor.

   • How to Harvest: Use a clean, sharp knife to cut Lion’s Mane at the base. Be careful not to bruise the mushrooms, as they are very fragile.

3. Shiitake Mushrooms:

   • When to Harvest: Shiitake mushrooms are typically ready when the caps are around 7-10 cm wide and begin to open, exposing the gills. The edges should still be slightly rolled under.

   • How to Harvest: Twist the stem at the base or use a knife to cut it cleanly.

How to Store Fresh Mushrooms

1. Refrigeration:

   • Store fresh mushrooms in a paper bag in the refrigerator. Paper bags are preferred because they absorb excess moisture, preventing the mushrooms from becoming slimy. Fresh mushrooms can be stored in the refrigerator at 3-5°C for up to 7-10 days, depending on the variety. Oyster mushrooms tend to spoil faster, while Lion’s Mane and Shiitake can last longer.

2. Drying Mushrooms:

   • Using a Dehydrator: A dehydrator is the best way to dry mushrooms as it allows for even drying at a controlled temperature. Set your dehydrator at 45-50°C and dry the mushrooms until they are brittle.

   • Air-Drying: For mushrooms like Shiitake, you can also air-dry them. However, it is crucial that the environment is dry and not too humid.

   • Storage After Drying: Place dried mushrooms in an airtight container with a silica gel packet to absorb any residual moisture. Store them in a cool, dark place.

3. Freezing Mushrooms:

   • Best for Oyster Mushrooms: Lightly sauté fresh mushrooms before freezing. Avoid freezing raw mushrooms, as they can develop a poor texture.

   • Freezer Bags: Store them in freezer bags, removing as much air as possible to prevent freezer burn. Frozen mushrooms are ideal for use in soups and stews.

Harvesting mushrooms at the right stage ensures the best flavor, while proper storage can extend their usability for months. Each method—whether refrigeration, drying, or freezing—has its own unique benefits and can be selected based on how you plan to use the mushrooms later.